Child Malnutrition, Social Development and Health Services in the Andean Region

This study analyzes social, ethnic and regional determinants of child malnutrition, as well as the effects of access to health services in the Andean Region, through a comparison between Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. These three countries share a profile with high stunting prevalence and strong socio-economic, regional and ethnic disparities. The analysis is conducted using DHS (Peru 1992, 1996 and 2000, Bolivia 1997) and LSMS (Ecuador 1998) surveys and it focuses on an international comparative perspective. In the case of Ecuador a detailed analysis is provided. The main task was to identify the determinants of the z-score indicators for height and weight for age. For that matter, multiple equation models were estimated, applying instrumental variables and combining different multivariate procedures, to identify the relative importance of education, housing, ethnicity and contextual regional factors as determinants of stunting in each national case. In all cases we have found strong negative ethnic effects of indigenous ethnicity as well as contextual regional negative factors for highland regions. The results remain significant even after controlling for all relevant socio- economic determinants, such as education, housing and economic status, with few exceptions.nutrition,health,child,cronic,waste,stunting,Child anthropometric measures Principal component analysis

General interest and contemporary administration

El concepto “Interés General” goza de una fuerte presencia en la cultura política de las sociedades democráticas modernas. No obstante, si bien el término puede ser entendido y aceptado con relativa facilidad por cualquier ciudadano de a pie, su definición resulta extraordinariamente compleja para el entorno de las ciencias políticas o de la teoría del derecho. Concretamente, nuestro ordenamiento hace continua referencia a esta figura sin ofrecernos una definición objetiva. El hecho de que el “Interés General” sea actualmente concebido como un principio jurídico indeterminado no constituiría un problema si no estuviéramos hablando de un elemento que desarrolla una clara función directiva en la actividad de toda administración democrática moderna. Este paradigma jurídico y social imposibilita cerrar el continuo debate sobre la coincidencia entre los fines últimos del Estado y el bienestar de la comunidad.The term "General Interest" has a strong presence in the political culture of modern democratic societies. But if the term can be understood and accepted very easily by any normal citizen, his definition is too complex for political science or theory of law. Specifically, our system makes continual reference to this figure without offering an objective definition. The fact that the "General Interest" is currently conceived as an undefined legal principle is a problem because we are talking about an element that directs the activity of modern democratic governance. This legal and social paradigm makes it impossible to close the ongoing debate about the overlap between the ultimate goals of the State and welfare of the community.Publicad

Child Malnutrition, Social Development and Health Services in the Andean Region

This paper analyzes the social, ethnic and regional determinants of child malnutrition, as well as the effects of access to health services in the Andean region, by comparing conditions in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. These three countries are marked by a high prevalence of stunting and by wide socioeconomic, regional and ethnic disparities. The analysis used Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Peru (1992, 1996 and 2000) and Bolivia (1997), and Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) data for Ecuador (1998). The paper adopts an international comparative perspective, analyzing Ecuador in particular detail.

Terrorism, information and human rights

La actividad terrorista constituye por sí misma la violación más contundente y radical al conjunto de derechos humanos. Una vez definidos los rasgos básicos de esta deleznable actividad, el artículo examina cómo los medios de comunicación en nuestra realidad nacional, como parte integrante de la sociedad civil castigada por este mal, pueden contribuir a su final, así como colaborar en la protección de los derechos humanos castigados por el terrorismo. Cómo informar y qué transmitir ante este tipo de situaciones, especialmente en el medio televisivo, puede suponer sin duda una enorme contribución al respeto y protección de los derechos humanos.Terrorist activity is in itself a violation more forceful and radical set of human rights. Having defined the basic features of this despicable activity, the article examines how the media in our national reality, as part of civil society punished for this evil, can contribute to an end, and assist in the protection of punished for human rights terrorism. How to report and transmit to such situations, especially in television,certainly can make a huge contribution to respect and protect human rights

Paralell Trials on criminal proceedings: A democratic anomaly or an unavoidable consequence?

El derecho constitucional a la libertad de información puede generar excesos que influyan negativamente en un proceso penal en marcha. Un juicio paralelo es aquel conjunto de informaciones aparecidas en los medios de comunicación sobre un asunto a tratar por el órgano judicial, generándose una valoración social del comportamiento de personas implicadas. Nos encontramos ante un efecto perverso resultante de combinar el saludable funcionamiento del Estado de Derecho, la publicidad judicial y la libertad de información. Este fenómeno carece por el momento de cualquier regulación legal debido a la especial dificultad que implicaría su tratamientoThe constitutional right to freedom of information can lead to excesses that negatively influence an ongoing criminal proceedings. A parallel trial is that set of reports in the media about an issue to be addressed by the court, generating a social assessment of the behavior of people involved. We face a perverse effect resulting from combining the healthy functioning of the rule of law, judicial publicity and freedom of information. This phenomenon lacks the time of any legal regulation due to the special difficulty that involve treatmen

Insights into a First Millennium BC (800 – 400 cal BC) Social Network: Excavations at Las Orquídeas in the Northern Ecuadorian Sierra

Interregional interaction long has been a central theme in Ecuadorian archaeology. However, outside of a few studies from late prehispanic contexts, little evidence of craft production has been identified, with limited examples that relate to long-distance exchange. Excavations at Las Orquídeas, a Late Formative (800 – 400 cal BC) site located on the outskirts of the modern city of Ibarra, have recovered the most diverse array of crafting activities in prehispanic Ecuador. We present the first detailed examination of 278 m2 of excavations, documented contexts, and some important artifact classes (ceramics, obsidian, malacological remains) since our doctoral dissertations. We argue that the first millennium BC inhabitants of Las Orquídeas participated in a long-distance network that involved important social events in which exotic jewelry was exchanged. The population at Las Orquídeas obtained unworked non-local raw materials to craft distinctive jewelry and participate in the network